- Details
- Category: Dissertation Defence
This thesis named "Analysis, modeling and simulation of road network morphogenesis based on geohistorical data: understanding past patterns to plan future cities" was directed by Claire Lagesse and Cécile Tannier.
The defense will take place in the UFR SLHS (salon Préclin) in Besançon, on december the 15th.
You will also be able to attend the defense by videoconference. If you would like, please contact Hanae El Gouj :
Defense jury
- Anne Bretagnolle - Professor, University Paris 1
- Stéphane Douady - Director of Research, CNRS, Laboratory MSC
- Giovanni Fusco - Director of Research, CNRS, Laboratory ESPACE
- Claire Lagesse - Lecturer, University of Franche-Comté
- Julien Perret - Director of Research, IGN, Laboratory LASTIG
- Cécile Tannier - Director of Research, CNRS, Laboratory ThéMA
Abstract
Urban morphology results from complex processes, the patterns and logic of which can be deciphered by identifying characteristics of the spatial structure. The complex organization of this structure suggests the presence of an underlying order in urban evolution. In this present work, urban morphology is approached through road network analysis, with a particular interest in the historical context of its development and the structural characteristics induced by its physical layout. Research work is structured along three axes. The first axis presents morpho-historical analyses (from the 17th to the 21st century) of the historical road networks (data provided by historical maps) and contemporary ones (from the BD TOPO), focusing on the cities of Dijon, Besançon and Pontarlier. The second axis focuses on identifying typo-morphologies of ways within the road network and the associated morphological evolution processes. Finally, the third axis presents a new simulation model of road network morphogenesis, namely WayMorph. Planning decisions imply disparities in territorial access that are legible in the network morphology, and affect territorial development. A better understanding of the dynamics leading the evolution of road networks is of major support to territorial planning.
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- Category: Dissertation Defence
The defense will take place in the UFR SLHS (salon Préclin) in Besançon, on november the 23th.
This work was directed by Jean-Christophe Foltête and Emeline Comby.
Defense jury :
- Jean-Christophe FOLTETE, Professor, University de Franche-Comté
- Emeline COMBY, Associate researcher, University Lumière Lyon 2
- Youssef DIAB, Professor, University Gustave Eiffel
- Pascal MARTY, Professor, CNRS-Maison Française d’Oxford and University Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Rapporteur
- Magalie FRANCHOMME, Associate researcher, University de Lille
- Corinne LARRUE, Emeritus professor, University Gustave Eiffel
The presentation will be followed by an oriental tea and sweets, followed by dinner. For better organization, please register before November 13, 2023 on this link: https://framaforms.org/soutenance-de-these-1698929299
Abstract
Integrating the green and blue network (i.e., the “Trame Verte et Bleue” (TVB)) into land use planning poses a major challenge to biodiversity conservation in France. The TVB intends to consider the ecological connectivity of habitat. However, its implementation faces several limits. In this research, we aim to understand how TVB, as a scientifically and politically constructed object, assimilates ecological connectivity. To achieve this, we analyse actors’ practices, spatial representations, and planning discourses. We focus on four main objectives: i) studying the development process of the TVB, ii) analysing the discourses of stakeholders and planning documents, iii) modelling and assessing the ecological connectivity of habitat networks, and iv) comparing, on the basis of generic spatial models, several examples of TVB integrated in planning documents.
Our research is based on the Territorial Coherence Schemes (i.e., SCoT) located in the Bourgogne Franche-Comté region. We used a combination of spatial and textual data derived from semi-structured interviews and planning documents. Our research tools comprise discourse analysis and a spatial modelling approach based on landscape graphs. Our results provide critical insights into the practical implementation of the TVB in planning. We reveal territorial disparities regarding the consideration of ecological connectivity, and draw conclusions towards practical ways for improving ecological connectivity in future territorial planning.
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- Category: Dissertation Defence
Sima Saadi is defending her PhD thesis on april 19th, at 9 am In ThéMA main meeting room, 4 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon.
This thesis was directed by Jean-Philippe Antoni, Geographer, University Professor, at the University of Burgundy, and Co-directed by Hossein Karimzadeh, Urban planner, University Professor, at the University of Tabriz.
Defense jury :
Dominique Badariotti, Professor, University of Strasbourg, France (President)
Saeed Zanganeh Shahraki, Associate Professor, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Iran
Antoine Paccoud, Research Scientist, Luxembourg Institute of socio-economic Research, Belval, Luxembourg
Abstract :
This research explores the suitable model for achieving environmental sustainability based on ecovillage urban design to improve the design of current and future ecovillages and to use it as a design model for building sustainable communities. The objective is to compare Iran and France in the following categories: (1) Identify the most important features of ecovillages based on general resident preferences in cities; (2) Determine ICT development in relation to environmental sustainability; (3) Analyze the relationship between sustainable development and ICT to reach urban ecovillage communities; (4) Evaluate the possibilities of transforming traditional villages into ecovillage lifestyles; (5) Evaluate the studied villages' business spaces and suitable solutions for their sustainability with the goal of becoming an ecovillage; (6) Assess of current ecovillages' responsibility to a sustainable lifestyle in France. and finally (7) Providing an appropriate model for achieving urban-rural sustainability based on Ecovillage and ICT. In terms of methodology, 1100 respondents (510 in Iran, 500 in France) were obtained using the quantitative method with a questionnaire in urban areas. For statistical data analysis, IBM SPSS, SEM with AMOS, and R programming were used, and GIS was used for spatial analysis. The qualitative method with semi-structured interviews, on the other hand, was used to collect data from rural areas and ecovillages, and MAXQDA software was used for data analysis. The results show that the respondents in the cities of France and Iran had more similarities than the respondents in the villages. In other words, the villages of France and Iran had more differences than the cities. In general, achieving sustainability through ecovillage and ICT can vary depending on needs, infrastructure and policies, culture, and society in each region, according to the final research model. However, it is crucial to concentrate on reconfiguring residents' perspectives, values, attitudes, and lifestyles toward sustainability. This includes altering corporate strategies and putting into practice, sustainable business models. And the significance of the government's role in accelerating the changes and supplying the required infrastructure. The development of plans and projects centered on green construction, for instance, or expanding the number of safe and quick cycling routes. Finally, the transformation of current societies, both urban and rural, will pave the way for the future sustainability and adaptability of urban-rural societies to climate change.
Keywords: Sustainability, Lifestyle, Urban Ecovillage, ICT, Spatial and Statistical Analysis, Iran, France.
The defense will be followed by the traditional thesis drink to which you are all invited. For an optimal organization, I invite you to register (for the defense) by clicking on this link: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfz9qUw_cUyvdLDTpkiY2GtuSjJ2LvLQOzg75mgnnRfjwk6Bg/viewform?usp=sf_link
- Details
- Category: Dissertation Defence
Claire Regnier is defending her PhD thesis the 14th december 2022 at 14 at the IRTS of Franche-Comté in Besançon.
This work was directed by Alexandre Moine, géographer, professor of University of Franche-Comté and Christian GUINCHARD, sociologist, Senior lecturer at the University of Franche-Comté.
Defense jury :
Erwan Becquemie, Director General of Hygiène Sociale of Franche-Comté
Olivier David, Professor, University of Rennes 2
Philippe Lyet, Sociologist, Askoria, Rennes
Jean-François Thémines, Professor of University of Rennes 2
Abstract :
The thesis project will question the link between social work and territory based on the work of Alexandre Moine, geographer, at the ThéMA laboratory. Three dimensions will be questioned: Social work with the test of the territories. Understand how social work deals with the territorial dimension by questioning the links social work has with the territory. More precisely, how institutions and social workers think, apprehend the territory in the responses they offer to users in their support practices. Territory challenged by social work. How the development of a territory can be anchored in social work. Where exactly is the development of a territory related to social work? Here we can examine the notion of local social development, which aims to be a federative approach aimed at mobilizing actors from a territory around a project that is at the same time economic, institutional, social and cultural. IRTS, training devices in social work in the heart of the territories. Faced with the challenges facing our sector, the IRTS as a training tool for social workers, have an important role to play. Today, the reshaping of social work that starts, the new architecture of diplomas that will change the professional identities must integrate the concept of territory.
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- Category: Dissertation Defence
The defense will take place in Champs-sur-Marne at the Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées (salle B203) on april the 1rst.
This work was directed by Alain L'Hostis and Pierre Frankhauser.
Funding : Ecole des ponts ParisTech-ENPC / Efficacity-Institut de Recherche & Développement pour la Transition Énergétique de la Ville.
Defense jury :
- Alain L'HOSTIS, Senior researcher, University of Gustave Eiffel
- Pierre FRANKHAUSER, Emeritus professor, University of Franche-Comté
- Olivier BONIN, Senior researcher, University of Gustave Eiffel
- Cristina PRONELLO, Professor Polytechnic of Turin
- Giovanni FUSCO, Director of Research, University of Côte dʹAzur
- Cécile TANNIER, Director of Research, CNRS, University of Franche-Comté
- Morgane COLOMBERT, PhD and ingenior, EFFICACITY
Abstract
Today, the question of energy production and consumption is one of the main points of the sustainable development. However, there is no real reflection about the way to develop energy solutions which can have a high efficiency during and at the end of urban development. The present work wants to conceive urban planning scenarios taking into account urban development evolution and energy network. To answer, a modelling approach is going to be used integrating in particular the concept of fractal. This study is going to be realized on the Est-Ensemble territory.
You will also be able to attend the defense by videoconference : https://univ-eiffel.zoom.us/j/82103219027 - ID de réunion : 821 0321 9027. Mot de passe : Bh6utBNb
- Details
- Category: Diffusion
Cécile Tannier presents the Fractal model and its impact on how urban forms and spatial organisation are approached in urban studies and planning. Reflecting critically on scale invariance and optimality, she shows how and why fractal models enable us to better understand how space is organised through scales and how urban planning can modify this spatial organisation in a fractal manner, accounting for the effects of distance and scale dependence.
See the video on the YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCbXVD-lwollN5yxX_0J-hbg
- Details
- Category: Dissertation Defence
The defense will take place the 7th december at 14:30 at the "Grand salon", UFR SLHS, 32 rue Megevand in Besancon.
This work was co-directed by Jean-Christophe Foltête (ThéMA) and Stéphane Garnier (Biogéosciences).
Funding: CIFRE thesis with the company ARP-Astrance, Paris
Defense jury
Stéphanie Manel, Professor, EPHE, UMR CEFE, Montpellier
Eric Petit, Director of Research, INRAE, UMR ESE, Rennes
Laurence Després, Professor, Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR LECA, Grenoble
Laurent Bergès, research ingenior, INRAE, UR LESSEM, Saint-Martin-d’Hères
Hervé Moal, ARP-Astrance, Paris
Abstract
Several key ecological processes for maintaining biodiversity rely upon the ecological connectivity of habitat. Accordingly, connectivity modelling methods have been developed for understanding precisely the influence of connectivity and deriving sound biodiversity conservation measures. Among them, landscape graphs represent habitat networks as sets of habitat patches (nodes) connected by potential dispersal paths (links). Yet, the ecological relevance of these tools required validation from biological data reflecting closely the influence of habitat connectivity. Genetic data allow for such validation as population genetic structure partly depends on dispersal-driven gene flow between habitat patches. Genetic structure can also be modelled as a genetic graph whose nodes correspond to populations while its links are weighted by pairwise genetic differentiation measures.
The objective of this PhD project was to bridge landscape and genetic graphs in order to (i) assess the ecological relevance of landscape graphs and (ii) gain knowledge regarding the relationship between habitat connectivity and population genetic structure. After identifying genetic graph construction and analysis methods fitting several research contexts and developing a software package for the joint use of both landscape and genetic graphs, we compared them in two empirical studies. We thereby (i) assessed the respective influence of several components of the habitat connectivity pattern on both genetic diversity and differentiation and (ii) validated the ecological relevance of landscape graphs. We then evidenced that integrating variables deriving from the nodes and links of both types of graphs could improve the inference of the effect of every landscape feature on connectivity. The methods we have developed could find new applications in this field and others. We hope that the results of this thesis will contribute to this.
You will also be able to attend the defense by videoconference :
https://cnrs.zoom.us/j/98316448475?pwd=VjlFWDZ1NWNFb285cC9ZUW1CRGZ1UT09
Code : E9gt9r
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- Category: Diffusion
When new lifestyles disrupt daily mobility in England
By exploring data relating to England from the UK National Travel Survey between 2002 and 2017, this research led by Benjamin Motte-Baumvol was able to refine the analysis of daily mobility usually carried out in France (where surveys are based on one “typical day”) by considering the variability of travel over a whole week, which reflects our increasingly fragmented lives more authentically.
Thanks to new “remote” practices enabled by the development of telework and online shopping, we can perform our activities in a greater variety of locations and many trips that were previously necessary are now avoidable. But the organization of our everyday life is becoming more complex and these trends are seemingly leading us to perform more and more carbon-emitting trips.
The purpose of this research is to understand how current evolutions in the lifestyles and working conditions of workers are causing adaptations in daily travel and its coordination within the household. Three dimensions of people’s lifestyles were studied: the influence of the workplace and of teleworking on travel, the effects of online shopping, and finally the determinants of taking children to their activities among dual-income families. The analysis of quantitative data allows us to describe these practices, to understand whether there are interactions between these different activities and see if they make it possible, as one might think regarding digital tools, to reduce travel and associated CO2 emissions.
- Details
- Category: Dissertation Defence
The defense will take place in Dijon at the University of Burgundy on december 14th
This work was directed by Thomas Thevenin, Associate researcher "HDR" ThéMA and Yves Richard, Associate researcher "HDR", Biogéoscience-CRC.
The defense can be followed online by : http://desktop.visio.renater.fr/scopia?ID=727610***8300&autojoin
Code d'accès : 8300 (terminer par #)
Defense jury
Houet Thomas, Director of Research "HDR" CNRS, LETG, Rennes
Masson Valéry, Director of Research HDR, GMME/VILLE, CNRM, Toulouse
Cantat Olivier, Associate researcher, LETG, Caen
Ruas Anne, research ingenior "HDR", IFFSTAR, Marne-la-Vallée
Sanders Léna, Director of research "HDR" CNRS,Géographie-Cité, Paris 1
Abstract
The urban environment is at the crossroads of two complex systems with different temporalities : climate and society. The urban climate is a modification of the climate caused by the presence of a city. The most successful expression of this climate change by the presence of the city is the phenomenon of Urban Heat Island (UHI). In a global context of adaptation and mitigation to climate change and urban development, this phenomenon of ICU tends to increase, and its health impacts on populations to become more prominent. This work is aimed at improving the knowledge of the impact of urban form and urban development on the intensity of the UCI through the implementation of a decision support tool allowing to integrate urban climate into decision-making processes. To do this, a “ model-dependent ” approach has been adopted. Five urban growth scenarios are based on the same number of housing but correspond to different Local Climate Zones (Grouped individual housing - LCZ 9, Individual group housing - LCZ 6, Low density collective - LCZ 3, Collective - LCZ 2, Dense collective - LCZ 4). These are developed by 2050, based on input data from growth models (MUP-City) and urban climate (Meso-NH / TEB). In order to assess the ability of Meso-NH / TEB to reproduce temperatures in Dijon Métropole, a control simulation, relating to the current city, is previously compared with data from the MUSTARDijon network for the heat wave period from 22 to 26 July 2018. A comparison of the results with the MUSTARDijon textit in situ network shows that the simulated temperatures are spatially and temporally consistent with the observations. The diurnal cycle is correctly modeled as well as urban and rural environments. A significant bias is present at nights in rural areas where temperatures remain high, limiting the intensity of the simulated UI. Compared to the control simulation, for the days (12LT to 18LT), the scenario with LCZs 3 and 2 present warmer temperatures than the scenario with LCZs 9 and 6. The scenarios for which the building percentage is the smallest has the smallest temperature increases. Finally, it would seem that building, whatever the urban form, on the outskirts of already defined built-up areas, has little impact on their temperature.
- Details
- Category: Dissertation Defence
François Sémécurbe is defending his PhD thesis : Analysis of the spatial distribution of human settlements : Contributions and limitations of multi-scale and trans-scale indicators
The defense will take place in Besançon at the University of Franche-Comté at Salon Préclin, UFR SLHS on september 25th at 2 pm.
This work was directed by Cécile Tannier, Senior researcher at CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research).
Defense jury
Elsa Arcaute - Associate professor, CASA, University College London
Giovanni Fusco - Associate researcher "HDR" at CNRS, laboratory ESPACE, Nice
Didier Josselin - Director of Research CNRS, laboratory ESPACE, Avignon
Julien Perret - Director of Research LASTIG, Paris
Pierre Frankhauser - Emeritus Professor at the University of Franche-Comté, laboratory ThéMA
Stéphane Roux - Lecturer – HDR, ENS de Lyon, laboratory of physics
Abstract
As human beings, it is easy for us to judge visually whether a distribution is dispersed or concentrated. However, the quantitative formalization of our impressions is problematic. It depends on the scales of the chosen analysis. This dependence of indicators on scales has changed. It is initially considered as a barrier to knowledge, it now reflects the multi-scale organisation of the distributions studied. The central objective of this thesis is to investigate the limits and contribution of multi-scale and trans-scale indicators to the study of the spatial distributions of human settlements. Spatial analysis aims at comparing spatial distributions to a uniform distribution. The way in which spatial distributions move away from this reference is used to characterize the multi-scale organization of the analyzed distributions. The application of these methods to human settlements has not been satisfactory. The use of an exogenous reference is not adapted to distributions that are very unevenly concentrated in space. Fractal analysis used in urban geography considers that the analysed distributions are their own measurement standard. Fractal dimensions measure how the space occupied by them evolves across scales. This type of analysis requires a regularity between scales, the invariance of scale whose existence is not verified on all territories. Trans-scale analysis generalises the principles of fractal analysis to all distributions and makes it possible to characterise the unequal concentration of human settlements in rural and urban territories.